See dwingen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gml",
"3": "dwingen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German dwingen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "osx",
"3": "*thwingan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon *thwingan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þwingan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þwingan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German dwingen, from Old Saxon *thwingan, from Proto-West Germanic *þwingan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dwingt",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwung",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dwungen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hebben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nds-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3 strong verb",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dwing",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwung",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwings",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwungs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwungst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwing",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwung",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "dwing",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "edwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gedwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"10": "hebben",
"2": "verb",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "dwingt",
"5": "past tense",
"6": "dwung",
"7": "past participle",
"8": "dwungen",
"9": "auxiliary verb"
},
"expansion": "dwingen (third-person singular simple present dwingt, past tense dwung, past participle dwungen, auxiliary verb hebben)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dwing",
"2": "dwing",
"3": "dwung",
"4": "dwung",
"5": "dwung",
"class": "3"
},
"name": "nds-conj-st"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dwing",
"10": "dwingt",
"11": "dwingen",
"12": "(e)dwungen, gedwungen",
"2": "dwings(t)",
"3": "dwing(t)",
"4": "dwingt, dwingen",
"5": "dwung",
"6": "dwungs(t)",
"7": "dwung",
"8": "dwungen",
"9": "dwing",
"head": "dwingen (class 3 strong verb)"
},
"name": "nds-conj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"to force; to compel; to make (someone do something)"
],
"id": "en-dwingen-nds-verb-PQyQS5XZ",
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"compel",
"compel"
],
[
"make",
"make"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive or reflexive) to force; to compel; to make (someone do something)"
],
"tags": [
"reflexive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to necessitate; to call for"
],
"id": "en-dwingen-nds-verb--k89th68",
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"necessitate",
"necessitate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, with \"to ...\") to necessitate; to call for"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with \"to ...\""
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdvɪŋən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdʋɪŋən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdʋɪŋŋ̩]"
}
],
"word": "dwingen"
}
{
"categories": [
"Low German class 3 strong verbs",
"Low German entries with incorrect language header",
"Low German lemmas",
"Low German terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Low German terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Low German terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Low German terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Low German terms inherited from Middle Low German",
"Low German terms inherited from Old Saxon",
"Low German terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Low German terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Low German verbs",
"Middle Dutch class 3 strong verbs",
"Middle Dutch entries with incorrect language header",
"Middle Dutch lemmas",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Old Dutch",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-Germanic",
"Middle Dutch terms inherited from Proto-West Germanic",
"Middle Dutch verbs",
"Pages with 3 entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gem-pro",
"inh": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gml",
"3": "dwingen"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German dwingen",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "osx",
"3": "*thwingan"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon *thwingan",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*þwingan"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *þwingan",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Middle Low German dwingen, from Old Saxon *thwingan, from Proto-West Germanic *þwingan.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "dwingt",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwung",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "dwungen",
"tags": [
"participle",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "hebben",
"tags": [
"auxiliary"
]
},
{
"form": "strong",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "nds-conj-st",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "3 strong verb",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"infinitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dwing",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwung",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"first-person",
"preterite",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwings",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwungs",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwungst",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"second-person",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwing",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwung",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"preterite",
"singular",
"third-person"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingt",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"plural",
"preterite"
]
},
{
"form": "dwing",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dwingen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"present"
]
},
{
"form": "dwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "edwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "gedwungen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"past"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"10": "hebben",
"2": "verb",
"3": "third-person singular simple present",
"4": "dwingt",
"5": "past tense",
"6": "dwung",
"7": "past participle",
"8": "dwungen",
"9": "auxiliary verb"
},
"expansion": "dwingen (third-person singular simple present dwingt, past tense dwung, past participle dwungen, auxiliary verb hebben)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dwing",
"2": "dwing",
"3": "dwung",
"4": "dwung",
"5": "dwung",
"class": "3"
},
"name": "nds-conj-st"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dwing",
"10": "dwingt",
"11": "dwingen",
"12": "(e)dwungen, gedwungen",
"2": "dwings(t)",
"3": "dwing(t)",
"4": "dwingt, dwingen",
"5": "dwung",
"6": "dwungs(t)",
"7": "dwung",
"8": "dwungen",
"9": "dwing",
"head": "dwingen (class 3 strong verb)"
},
"name": "nds-conj-table"
}
],
"lang": "Low German",
"lang_code": "nds",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Low German reflexive verbs",
"Low German transitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to force; to compel; to make (someone do something)"
],
"links": [
[
"force",
"force"
],
[
"compel",
"compel"
],
[
"make",
"make"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(transitive or reflexive) to force; to compel; to make (someone do something)"
],
"tags": [
"reflexive",
"transitive"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Low German intransitive verbs"
],
"glosses": [
"to necessitate; to call for"
],
"links": [
[
"to",
"to"
],
[
"necessitate",
"necessitate"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(intransitive, with \"to ...\") to necessitate; to call for"
],
"raw_tags": [
"with \"to ...\""
],
"tags": [
"intransitive"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈdvɪŋən/"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdʋɪŋən]"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈdʋɪŋŋ̩]"
}
],
"word": "dwingen"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dwingen meaning in Low German (5.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Low German dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-09-20 using wiktextract (af5c55c and 66545a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.